U.S. Hog numbers climb, but what's driving the Shift?
As of June 1, the U.S. reported 75.1million hogs and pigs, a modest rise from last year. But beneath this small uptick lie compelling trends in breeding, weaning, and producer intentions that may reshape the market and supply chain dynamics.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's June 2025 Hogs and Pigs report reveals a 1% quarterly increase from March and a slight annual rise. The total inventory now stands at 75.1million head, including 69.2million market hogs and 5.98million breeding animals.
Between March and May 2025, producers weaned 34.2million pigs, nearly 1% more year-over-year, with an average of 11.75 pigs per litter. These figures signal improved herd productivity, though input costs and commodity prices continue to challenge margins.
Producers also plan farrowings for the June-August and September-November quarters, targeting about 3million sows in each period. This proactive sow planning indicates ongoing investment in herd expansion and stable future supply.
State breakdown shows Iowa leading with 24.7million head, followed by Minnesota (9.3million) and North Carolina (7.8million). These states remain crucial hubs in precision agriculture and livestock supply chains, impacting regional farm bills and infrastructure.
In sum, while the inventory rise is modest, the underlying dynamics-from breeding rates to state-level concentration-point to strategic positioning by producers. With pressure from input costs, crop-livestock planning, and crop insurance frameworks, hog producers are navigating a complex terrain.
