An intense and prolonged heat wave is building east of the Rockies, fueled by a powerful high-pressure ridge parked over the Southeastern U.S. Temperatures surged early Tuesday, July 22, with overnight lows in the 70s°F stretching from the High Plains to South Dakota and Illinois. Forecasts now point to daily highs reaching near 100°F, with heat indices between 105-120°F across broad swaths of the Corn Belt, Central Plains, and Midwest.

This extreme combination of high temperature and humidity-with dew points climbing into the upper 70s-is creating a punishing environment for both crops and livestock. The National Weather Service has issued widespread heat advisories and warnings that are expected to remain in effect for several days.

Effects on Crops and Livestock

In these high-humidity environments, pollination issues in corn, already reported in states like Illinois and Iowa due to tight tassel wrap, could be exacerbated by prolonged heat stress. High nighttime temperatures restrict corn's ability to recover from daytime stress, directly reducing kernel set and yield potential.

Livestock, particularly cattle and poultry, are also under threat. Heat indices above 105°F can impair feed intake, reduce productivity, and increase the risk of heatstroke. Without adequate shade, airflow, and water access, producers face mounting animal welfare concerns.

Where the Heat Is Spreading

The heat dome continues to expand, blanketing:

• The High Plains

• Midwest and Upper Mississippi Valley

• Parts of the Northeast

By the weekend, this system will shift westward, potentially offering some relief for the East and Central U.S. as a cold front attempts to break the heat.

However, that front may stall over the Corn Belt, particularly in southern Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri-regions already teetering between adequate moisture and emerging drought. While some afternoon storms could offer brief relief, sustained rainfall is still uncertain.

Flash Drought Risk in the Southern Plains

The Southern Plains, especially Texas and Oklahoma, are at high risk of flash drought. Despite earlier strong rainfall totals this season, the rapid onset of heat and lack of precipitation could trigger quick soil moisture loss, stressing both row crops and forage systems.

Kansas and Nebraska also remain vulnerable. If incoming fronts fail to linger, these regions may experience declining soil moisture entering August-right at the onset of grain fill in corn and pod set in soybeans.

Tropical Activity in the Southeast

Meanwhile, a disturbance forming off the Carolina coast may travel across Florida and into the Gulf, offering some rainfall relief. Though not expected to develop into a named system, it may help offset heat stress in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle.

Outlook: When Will It End?

Forecasts suggest that the ridge will temporarily weaken next week as it retreats into the Rockies and Western Plains, allowing cooler air to push into the Northern Plains and upper Midwest. But this break may be short-lived. The pattern favors rebuilding heat by early August, particularly across the Central U.S., as the ridge flexes again.

Producers are advised to:

• Monitor soil moisture and crop development closely.

• Evaluate irrigation plans where available.

• Watch for signs of heat stress in livestock and adjust feed and hydration schedules accordingly.

• Reassess input use and crop insurance options if yield risk rises.