How to work cattle in summer without heat stress
As temperatures rise across the U.S., ranchers are adopting smarter, climate-conscious methods for handling livestock.
Working cattle in peak summer heat can be a challenge for even the most seasoned rancher. But across the U.S., innovative producers are optimizing operations by adjusting schedules, improving hydration protocols, and managing heat loads to maintain herd health and performance.
Early Mornings and Night Work Are Key
In eastern Iowa, Angus seedstock breeder Josh Scheckel avoids high-humidity days whenever possible. He works cattle in the early morning hours, long before the sun peaks, using low-stress handling and avoiding crowding. "If you can't wait for a better day, go slow and keep them shaded," Scheckel advises.
Dr. Jason Banta of Texas AgriLife Extension adds that working after sunset is a practical option for smaller producers. With the use of portable lights or generator-powered setups, evening processing helps cattle dissipate accumulated heat more quickly.
Managing Heat Load: A Critical Priority
Signs of heat stress-mouth breathing, drooling, rapid shallow breaths-should trigger immediate caution. Dr. Eric Bailey of the University of Missouri recommends gathering cattle the night before to reduce cumulative heat load and starting work at dawn, ending by 11 a.m.
Breeds with heavier condition, like Scheckel's herd, are more susceptible to heat. These cattle graze at night and rest under trees during the day to better manage their internal temperatures.
Water Access Is Non-Negotiable
"Water is our number one priority," says Logan Pribbeno of Wine Glass Ranch in Nebraska. His team processes cattle only when temperatures stay below 85°F, ensuring continuous access to cool, clean water. Adult cows require 25-30 gallons daily in the summer, and any interruption can lead to severe stress.
One common mistake is confining calves that are unfamiliar with automatic waterers. Without training, some may not drink, leading to dehydration. Bailey emphasizes the importance of acclimating animals to both equipment and environment well before summer arrives.
Acclimation and Low-Stress Handling
Handling cattle during cooler months helps them adapt to pens, chutes, and alleys. This minimizes panic and overheating during actual processing events. Key handling principles include minimizing pressure, avoiding loud noises, and working in small, manageable groups.
Vaccination and Deworming Timing
In hotter regions like Texas, certain tasks must still be done during peak heat months. Banta advises using pour-on dewormers before chute work or selecting loresidual products that eliminate the need for summer handling. These adjustments help producers maintain parasite control without increasing heat stress risks.
Summary of Best Practices
| Prevent heat stress | Work pre-dawn or post-sunset; use lights if needed |
| Maintain hydration | Ensure constant access to cool water; monitor intake |
| Reduce handling stress | Train animals in cooler months; use calm, quiet methods |
| Avoid peak temps | Schedule operations under 85°F or during cold fronts |
| Efficient parasite control | Use extended-coverage dewormers or feed-based delivery systems |
Why It Matters
Conditioned cattle need careful timing: Heavier animals handle winter better but are more heat-prone.
Reduced stress = better gains: Less stress leads to better feed intake, growth, and immune response.
Improved health outcomes: Overheated cattle respond poorly to vaccines and medications.
These insights are backed by top producers and university specialists who understand the nuances of cattle physiology and ranch economics.
Final Advice for U.S. Ranchers
Handle cattle between 5 a.m. and 11 a.m. or after sunset.
Use low-stress techniques and avoid overcrowding.
Ensure adequate shade and access to water at all times.
Plan vet protocols for late spring to avoid high-risk heat periods.
Introduce calves to waterers and chutes well ahead of summer.